Pear decline in Spain

Detection of the phytoplasmal agent of pear decline in Iran, Isfahan province, using nested-PCR

Pear decline is a very important phytoplasma disease that causes considerable quantitative and qualitative losses to this fruit crop. Due to economical importance of pear in Isfahan province, Iran, and the difficulty to determine the occurrence of the disease simply based on symptoms in orchards, a detection method for the phytoplasma causing disease in pears in the region was developed. Since ...

Ideal men: masculinity and decline in seventeenth-century Spain.

This article examines how the experience and critique of their country's decline led Spaniards to craft a distinct discourse of masculinity in the seventeenth century. As they self-consciously examined Spain's crisis and offered political and economic solutions, these same writers also offered a scathing critique of standards of masculinity. Using the figure of the ideal nobleman as a case stud...

Phytoplasmas of two 16S rDNA groups are associated with pear decline in Taiwan

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based detection strategies were adopted to examine the etiology and vectorship of pear decline in Taiwan (PDTW). 16S rDNA sequences were amplified from total DNAs prepared from PDTW-affected pear trees Pyrus serotina Rehd. cv. Hengshan and pear psyllid Cacopsylla chinensis using PCR. According to the sequence analyses, C. chinensis carried phytoplasmas of two 16S...

Prickly pear

Consumption of fruit and wine and the decline in cerebrovascular disease mortality in Spain (1975-1993).

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE This study examines the changes in provincial distribution of cerebrovascular disease (CVD) mortality and its socioeconomic and lifestyle risk factors to identify those factors that have most greatly contributed to the decline in CVD mortality in Spain during the period 1975-1993. METHODS We performed a study using data aggregated at a provincial level. Mortality data w...